Abstract

Commissioned by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports RIVM has developed the health services guideline 'Smog and Health'. With this publication the 'GGD guideline Smog' dating from 2004 has been revised. The guideline provides local public health authorities with information on smog, smog regulation, health effects and precautions to prevent health problems. Smog means that for a short period of time, a few hours or days, there are high concentrations of pollution in the air, caused by ozone, atmospheric particulate matter or nitrogen dioxide. The air in the Netherlands contains less and less smog, but in stable clear weather with low wind speeds, it may still occur both in summer and winter. Health problems caused by smog Because of smog acute health problems may occur, especially for people with chronic lung and/or heart disease, the elderly and children. This involves problems of the respiratory tract, such as coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Also, existing chronic cases of lung and/or heart disease might worsen. Smog that is created by ozone can also cause irritation of the eyes, nose or throat. All these symptoms are usually temporary. In people with pre-existing lung and/or heart disease smog can lead to hospitalization and even death. Also people who exert themselves frequently and therefore breath in more (polluted) air, such as athletes and children playing outside, are at a risk of health problems. Severe smog can cause problems for everyone. Behavioral advice Complaints are best prevented by reducing exposure to smog. This can be done by avoiding strenuous exercise. With smog by ozone, which only occurs during the summer months, exposure can be reduced easily by staying indoors in the afternoon and early evening.