In Wijk aan Zee, Beverwijk, Velsen-Noord and IJmuiden, more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals were found in the deposition of dust than outside the IJmond region.

In recent years there has been a decline in the average concentrations of fine particulates and nitrogen dioxide.

Some European cities have developed effective policies to adapt to more frequent wet and dry periods forecast for the years ahead, as a result of climate change.

Safety of nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) cannot be confirmed because of the limited amount of published research in this area.